Venomous! Golay et al. (1993) synonymize E. a. arenicola with E. pyramidum. Some authors consider E. khosatzkii as valid species (U. Joger, pers. comm.) Subspecies: Echis pyramidum aliaborri DREWES 1974 Echis pyramidum leakeyi STEMMLER 1969 Echis pyramidum lucidus CHERLIN 1990 Echis pyramidum pyramidum GEOFFROY 1827