kingdom: Animalia >
phylum: Mollusca >
class: Bivalvia Linnaeus, 1758 >
subclass: Autobranchia Grobben, 1894 >
infraclass: Heteroconchia J. E. Gray, 1854 >
subterclass: Euheterodonta Giribet & Distel, 2003 >
superorder: Anomalodesmata Dall, 1889 >
superfamily: Cuspidarioidea Dall, 1886 >