3 literature references for Opuntia echinocarpa var. echinocarpa Engelm. & J.M. Bigelow:

Author:
Year: 1996
Title:
Source: database, NODC Taxonomic Code
Author:
Year: 1996
Title:
Source: database, The PLANTS Database
Author: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds.
Year: 2003
Title:
Source: Flora of North America North of Mexico, vol. 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part. 1, The volumes are also reproduced online (http://www.fna.org/)